M-formula

The M-formula is a principle of design named by WA Dwiggins that he described as “a method to trick the eye (in viewing objects much reduced) into seeing curves that aren’t there”, achieved by increasing the angularity of curves that would normally be soft. The “M” stands for “marionette” because the principle was something Dwiggins also practiced in designing marionettes so their features would read more clearly from a distance.